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信拓路面高粘度沥青钢桥面铺装技术介绍
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<p style="text-align:left;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:24.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:华文细黑;color:#31849B;">钢桥面铺装技术</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:24.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:华文细黑;color:#404040;">——</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:华文细黑;color:#404040;">信拓路面高粘度沥青钢桥面铺装技术介绍</span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:华文细黑;">文</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:华文细黑;">/</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:华文细黑;">图</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:华文细黑;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:华文细黑;">常州信拓路面改性材料有限公司<span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:华文细黑;">钢箱梁桥面铺装特点<span>:</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">由于钢桥面板是焊接固定在正交异性结构梁和纵肋上<span>,</span>并且钢桥面体系柔性大、易挠曲<span>,</span>在车辆荷载、温度荷载作用下的变形和受力特点与普通水泥混凝土桥梁具有非常明显的区别<span>,</span>在同一桥梁的不同部位<span>,</span>变形和受力也具有非常明显的区别。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:center;" align="center"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"><img src="http://pro6e708f.pic32.websiteonline.cn/upload/1_t7fo.png" alt="" width="451" height="198" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:center;" align="center"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">图<span>1 </span>普通路面结构与钢桥面铺装层结构的比较<span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">因此<span>,</span>由于钢桥面铺装使用条件更为严酷<span>,</span>钢桥面铺装性能要求的程度与普通路面铺装及水泥混凝土桥面铺装是完全不同的。主要表现在以下几个方面<span>:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">① 钢桥面铺装受力状况更为复杂<span>,</span>铺装中产生的应力也更大。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">钢桥的桥面为正交异性板结构<span>,</span>钢板的变形及受纵横加筋梁的限制及刚度差异<span>,</span>在车辆荷载的作用下<span>,</span>钢桥面在不同部位产生不同的变形<span>,</span>铺装层在不同部位的受力也不同<span>,</span>铺装的疲劳开裂问题更为严重。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">② 钢板吸热及传热能力强<span>,</span>夏季炎热时<span>,</span>桥面板的温度较水泥砼桥面板高<span>20</span>℃以上。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">由于钢板吸热及传热快<span>,</span>因此在太阳直射及环境温度较高时<span>,</span>铺装底面、钢板表面最高温度可达<span>60</span>℃以上<span>,</span>加上铺装层所承受的太阳辐射热的积累<span>,</span>桥面铺装最高温度在<span>60~70</span>℃甚至更高的使用温度下<span>,</span>要求铺装层有极佳的热稳性。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">与传统水泥砼桥面不同的是钢板温度高<span>,</span>对铺装层与钢板间粘接层在高温下的结合力要求也较高<span>,</span>否则在高温下<span>,</span>桥面铺装也会因层间结合力不足而产生横向移动、推拥等病害。这也成为钢桥面铺装一个最为主要病害。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">③ 由于钢板的反复变形<span>,</span>对铺装层与刚板的结合力要求也更高。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">在反复弯曲变形及振动作用下<span>,</span>因钢板的材料特性与铺装材料特性的不一致<span>,</span>界面上易产生法向应力<span>(</span>易引起脱层<span>)</span>及纵、横向剪切应力<span>(</span>易引起脱层及变形<span>),</span>这要求粘接层材料不只确保有较高的结合力而且要有良好韧性<span>,</span>以适应荷载的反复作用。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">④ 由于钢板极易快速生锈等原因<span>,</span>钢桥面铺装防护及防排水系统要求更加完善。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">水渗透到钢板会使钢板腐蚀、生锈<span>,</span>既会损害桥面板<span>,</span>也会引起铺装脱层<span>;</span>同时<span>,</span>铺装层防腐涂层失效<span>,</span>也会导致铺装的损坏。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">⑤ 由于钢板变形量大<span>,</span>铺装层对桥面板应具有相适应的变形的追从性。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">对水泥砼桥面板而言<span>,</span>因沥青混凝土变形能力要大得多<span>,</span>基本上不存在铺装不能追从于桥面板变形而产生破坏的情况。钢桥面铺装则不同<span>,</span>钢箱梁整体变形、吊索及斜拉索之间桥面系的变形、<span>U</span>型加劲肋及横隔板间的钢板变形等<span>,</span>它们的变形量均较大<span>(</span>局部钢板变形可达<span>0.1~0.4mm,</span>横隔板间挠度也可达<span>3~5mm</span>等<span>),</span>铺装刚度大<span>,</span>特别是低温下铺装层变硬<span>,</span>变脆时<span>,</span>不能追从于桥面板的变形<span>,</span>铺装层与钢板间会产生脱层<span>,</span>在荷载作用下会产生纵<span>,</span>横向开裂。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">⑥ 钢桥面铺装维修养护更加困难<span>,</span>要求桥面铺装的耐久性应更高钢桥面铺装在产生纵横向开裂以后<span>,</span>采用路面上的封缝方式很难完全封闭<span>,</span>原因是裂缝产生后<span>,</span>裂缝处正好是铺装释放应力集中变形的部位<span>,</span>反复变形下<span>,</span>裂缝会再次产生。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:华文细黑;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:华文细黑;">传统钢箱梁桥面铺装方式<span>:</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">对于钢桥面铺装国内外也已经开展了大量的研究<span>,</span>比较成熟的技术分为以下三大类<span>:</span>环氧沥青混凝土铺装、浇筑式沥青混凝土铺装和<span>SMA</span>铺装。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">一、浇注式沥青铺装方案的介绍</span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">1.1 </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">浇注式沥青铺装方案的定义</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">浇筑式沥青混凝土属于悬浮式密实型结构的沥青混凝土。浇注式沥青混凝土用作桥面铺装通常有两种形式。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">1.1.1 </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">以英国为代表的浇注式沥青混凝土<span>(MA)</span>铺装</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">英国、法国以及地中海沿岸的国家对这种材料习惯于用材料特性命名<span>,</span>称之为沥青玛蹄脂<span>(Mastic asphalt,</span>简称<span>MA),</span>采用单层铺装。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">英国道路运输研究协会在<span>20</span>世纪<span>50</span>年代早期时就对钢桥面铺装作了广泛的研究<span>,</span>目的是为了寻找一个合适的钢桥面铺装结构<span>,</span>英国<span>TRRL(</span>运输与道路研究实验室<span>)</span>进行大量试验研究后<span>,</span>结论是采用约<span>38mm</span>厚的单层浇注式沥青混凝土铺装是最合适的<span>,</span>并将结论写入路桥施工手册<span>(1964</span>年<span>),</span>这些结论在福斯桥的钢桥面铺装工程中得到首次采用<span>,</span>经过<span>40</span>多年实际经验的验证<span>,</span>这种铺面结构有超过<span>30</span>年的使用寿命。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:center;" align="center"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"><img src="http://pro6e708f.pic32.websiteonline.cn/upload/2_tgyp.png" alt="" width="419" height="314" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:center;" align="center"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">英国<span>Humber Bridge,1981</span>年修建<span>,</span>该图拍摄时间为<span>2007</span>年<span>6</span>月</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"> 1.1.2 </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">以德国、日本为代表的<span>GA</span>铺装</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">浇注式沥青混凝土的德文为<span>Gu</span>β<span> asphalt,</span>其中<span>Gu</span>β原是“河流”之意<span>,</span>引申为“浇注流淌”<span>,</span>浇注式沥青混凝土英文为<span>Gussasphalt,</span>简称<span>GA</span>。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">德国于<span>1917</span>年开始研发浇注式沥青混凝土<span>,</span>并将浇注式沥青混凝土大量应用于建筑物防水层和铺面工程中。最初<span>,</span>浇注式沥青混凝土在德国钢桥面铺装中的应用也较成功<span>,</span>通过对<span>Oberkasseler</span>、<span>Mulheim</span>、<span>Zoo</span>等钢桥的调查发现浇注式沥青混凝土铺装的性能优异。从德国浇注式沥青混凝土的级配来看<span>,</span>其分为三级<span>(0/5</span>、<span>0/8</span>、<span>0/11(s)),</span>细级配常应用于室内防水层或屋顶防水层<span>,</span>中间级配多应用于屋外停车场<span>,</span>粗级配则应用于磨耗层或其它表面要求较粗糙的地方<span>,</span>因此浇注式沥青混凝土在德国的应用范围非常广泛。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:center;" align="center"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"><img src="http://pro6e708f.pic32.websiteonline.cn/upload/3_3vtd.jpg" alt="" width="538" height="191" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-indent:49.6pt;"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">德国<span>Mulheim Bridge <span> </span></span>德国<span>Zoo-Bridge</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">在钢桥面铺装沥青铺装层的选择上<span>,</span>德国更多的是针对防水体系的协调性要求、防水保护要求、桥面铺装温度应力大、铺装内剪切力较大以及铺装承受桥梁动荷载的特点<span>,</span>提出相适应的铺装结构体系<span>;</span>此外还非常重视桥面铺装接缝处以及铺装与构造物之间的防水处置。其铺装防水体系由原来的五种缩减到现在的两种<span>:</span>防水卷材<span>+</span>浇注式沥青混凝土<span>;</span>液态塑料防水层<span>+</span>浇注式沥青混凝土<span>,</span>因此浇注式沥青混凝土在德国广泛应用于钢桥面铺装的下层。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">日本使浇注式沥青混凝土及其技术得到了长足和全面深入的发展及推广。<span>1950</span>年日本着手研究钢桥面铺装<span>,</span>并于<span>1955</span>年首先在东京都的新六桥完成两层的沥青混凝土铺装<span>,1956</span>年日本在从德国引进相应的技术后<span>,</span>以多田宏行先生为代表的铺装专家根据日本本国的特点<span>,</span>对德国浇注式沥青混凝土的材料组成及相应的技术标准作了较大的调整<span>,</span>逐步形成了符合日本国情的一整套技术<span>,</span>并且在<span>1961</span>年沥青铺装纲要中公布了相关的钢桥面铺装技术规范。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">日本<span>1987</span>年建成的东关东公路利根川叠合梁斜拉桥桥面下层<span>,</span>就是采用<span>40 mm</span>厚浇注式沥青铺装。日本对几座大桥<span>(</span>如尾道大挢、广岛大桥、幌向川桥、第<span>2</span>寝屋川桥等<span>)</span>下层采用浇注式沥青铺装进行调查发现<span>,</span>在经过若干年使用后<span>,</span>尽管上层桥面出现裂缝<span>,</span>但下层浇注式沥青铺装层却未见异常现象</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:center;" align="center"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"><img src="http://pro6e708f.pic32.websiteonline.cn/upload/4_oxrl.png" alt="" width="536" height="191" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:center;" align="center"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">日本名港西大桥<span> <span> </span></span>日本横滨海湾大桥</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">“特殊的涂膜类粘结剂<span>+GA+SMA</span>”的铺装结构是日本常用的铺装结构形式<span>,</span>在钢板喷砂除锈后不涂布任何防腐层<span>,</span>只用涂膜类粘结剂纵横各涂布一遍进行封闭<span>(</span>粘结层<span>),</span>也不再设防水层。这与欧洲的桥面铺装体系有显著区别。该铺装结构充分利用了<span>GA</span>的防水性、整体性等特点<span>,</span>但在铺装层有损坏后<span>,</span>不能确保桥面板不生锈。该结构适宜于非重载交通下的钢桥面铺装<span>,</span>目前已成功应用于安徽安庆长江大桥。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"> 1.1.3 </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">英国与德国在浇注式沥青混凝土上的区别</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">按照德国<span>ZTV</span>沥青规范和英国标准<span>BS1447,</span>可以看出英国的浇注式沥青混凝土与德国的浇注式沥青混凝土的原则性区别只是沥青玛蹄脂中的粗集料在大颗粒范围内不使用分等级的颗粒<span>,</span>而几乎是使用单粒径的碎石。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">英国单层浇注式沥青混凝土<span>,</span>先拌和沥青、矿粉及<span>3mm</span>以下细集料<span>,</span>再掺加粗集料碎石拌和成品混合料的两阶段拌和工艺<span>,</span>使其级配带有断级配特征且施工效率较低<span>(</span>工期较长<span>)</span>。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">而德国、日本等国使用的浇注式沥青混凝土<span>,</span>其混合料采用拌和站拌和<span>,</span>为一阶段拌和工艺<span>;</span>在运输机摊铺设备相匹配情况下<span>,</span>可以连续施工<span>,</span>效率较高。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">此外<span>,</span>浇注式沥青还在法国广泛的应用于城市街道人行道的铺面<span>,</span>在巴黎许多街道的人行道就是铺设的浇注式沥青混凝土<span>,</span>虽然朴实无华<span>,</span>但坚固耐用。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">1.2 </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">浇注式沥青混凝土特点</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">1.2.1 </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">自流性</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">浇注式沥青混凝土的特点是在较高施工温度<span>(220~250</span>℃<span>)</span>下具有较好的流动性和施工和易性<span>,</span>由于沥青混合料有一定的流动性<span>,</span>只需要用摊铺整平机即可完成施工<span>,</span>不需碾压<span>,</span>并能达到规定的密实度和平整度。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">1.2.2 </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">密水性</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">浇注式沥青混合料本身具有细集料含量高、矿粉含量高、沥青含量高等特点<span>,</span>较多的沥青及矿粉含量使骨料处于悬浮状态。与热碾压沥青混凝土不同<span>,</span>其空隙率很小<span>,</span>而且内部空隙不连续<span>,</span>因而成型的浇注式沥青混凝土不透水<span>,</span>耐冻融、耐油、抗老化。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:center;" align="center"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"><img src="http://pro6e708f.pic32.websiteonline.cn/upload/5_i4x3.jpg" alt="" width="554" height="191" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">1.3 </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">浇注式沥青混凝土的适应性</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">从国内外的浇注式沥青混凝土应用情况来看<span>:</span>浇注式沥青混凝土具有极佳的密水性<span>,</span>对于钢桥面铺装防止水损具有良好的效果<span>,</span>基本上说是成功的案例不少<span>,</span>同样失败的案例也具有相当的比例<span>,</span>若去除施工方面的原因<span>,</span>浇注式沥青混合料主要的问题在于其热稳定的不足。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">浇注式沥青混凝土本身特性缺陷如下<span>:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">、浇注式沥青混合料为悬浮密实型结构的沥青混凝土<span>,</span>从混凝土组成上来说<span>:</span>为胶泥<span>(</span>基质沥青或改性沥青、岩沥青或湖沥青、细集料、填料<span>)</span>及粗集料组成的。其组成结构上的特点决定了其抗剪切能力远弱于<span>SMA,</span>极易在高温环境下产生车辙、推拥等病害。而一旦产生推拥则不可避免的出现裂缝<span>,</span>其原本为优势的密水性也无法保证。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">、另一方面<span>,</span>胶泥的生产必须在高温下进行<span>(</span>一般为<span>2~5h),</span>施工温度一般在<span>180~210</span>℃<span>,</span>生产的出料温度高达<span>210~260</span>℃<span>,</span>沥青长时间停留于高温下造成的老化<span>,</span>会明显降低沥青混合料的抗疲劳抗裂性能<span>,</span>这点是检验时的沥青指标所不能表征的。虽然浇注式沥青混凝土的沥青含量较高<span>,</span>理论上具有较高的抗裂抗疲劳性能<span>,</span>但其实际的抗裂效果是需要进行探讨和检验的。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">另外<span>,</span>从施工难度上来说<span>:</span>浇注式沥青混凝土施工的难度较高<span>,</span>具体如下<span>:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">、首先<span>,</span>施工过程中不能有水分或油进入<span>,</span>否则易形成鼓包<span>,</span>造成铺装层局部开裂和脱层<span>,</span>影响行车安全。日本曾专门做了一个试验<span>,</span>在桥面上留了一个一滴水大的气泡<span>,10</span>年后这个气泡长得有篮球那么大。因此浇注式沥青混凝土应尽量避免在环境湿度大于<span>80%</span>的条件下施工<span>(</span>这点在海洋环境下极难达到<span>),</span>同时工人应避免汗水、油滴落于刚铺好的热浇注式沥青混凝土上。施工前需要完成桥面整体的清洁和除湿工作。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">、其次<span>,</span>浇注式沥青混凝土不进行碾压<span>,</span>采用自流性的特点进行施工<span>,</span>因此易出现厚度不均匀的情况<span>,</span>在桥面上需要边侧限制和人工挂平<span>,</span>由于混合料温度高<span>,</span>造成的劳动强度大<span>,</span>也更容易出现由于汗水形成的局部缺陷。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">3</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">、其三<span>,</span>浇注式沥青混凝土的自流性<span>,</span>导致浇注式沥青混凝土在施工结束后出现横坡不足的情况<span>,</span>特别是横坡或纵坡较大的路段<span>,</span>若自流性过大<span>,</span>则浇注式沥青混凝土在地势较低处集中<span>,</span>地势较高处易出现厚度不足的情况。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">4</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">、浇注式沥青混凝土应尽量使用专用的设备进行生产和铺装<span>,</span>否则很难保证质量。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">5</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">、浇筑式沥青混凝土铺装时温度高<span>,</span>钢板受热变形<span>,</span>冷却时钢板与混合料速度不一<span>,</span>环境温度较低时施工尤其容易造成结构缺陷。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">二、环氧沥青混凝土铺装方案的简介</span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">毫无疑问<span>,</span>在现有钢桥面铺装技术中<span>,</span>环氧沥青混凝土铺装是国内外较为推崇的技术<span>,</span>其耐久性出色<span>,</span>使用效果值得肯定。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">然而<span>,</span>其也具有较多地不足之处<span>:</span>由于环氧沥青混凝土在施工过程中要求条件较为苛刻<span>,</span>要求桥面不含任何杂质、尘埃和水分<span>,</span>否则这些物质会导致环氧沥青混凝土的局部缺陷<span>,</span>另外还有其它温度、运输等苛刻的使用要求。并且在施工完成后需两个月左右的时间才能开放交通<span>,</span>目前在我国使用过程中<span>,</span>因施工时控制问题造成的环氧沥青铺装失败占了近半数。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">同时环氧沥青混凝土的价格较高<span>,</span>也进一步限制了其推广应用。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">三、普通<span>SMA</span>铺装应用于钢桥面一些问题</span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">3.1 </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">普通<span>SMA</span>铺装应用于钢桥面的优势及问题</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">SMA</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">铺装相对于浇注式沥青混凝土铺装<span>,</span>具有以下优势<span>:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">、工艺比较传统<span>,</span>施工复杂性降低<span>;</span>工人劳动强度降低<span>;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">、<span>SMA</span>为骨架密实结构<span>,</span>在石料的嵌挤作用下<span>,</span>具有良好的稳定性和抗推拥的性能<span>;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">3</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">、施工温度为<span>150~170</span>℃<span>,</span>生产温度在<span>180</span>℃<span>,</span>温度低<span>,</span>沥青老化程度较低<span>;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">4</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">、表面构造较大<span>,</span>具有足够的抗滑性能<span>,</span>适宜作为面层结构。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">当然<span>,</span>普通的<span>SMA</span>也有本身的不足之处<span>:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">、普通的<span>SMA</span>混合料本身的防水效果不及浇注式沥青混合料<span>,</span>特别对于边缘欠压部分<span>,</span>空隙率可能更大。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">、我国现行<span>SMA</span>施工规范推荐采用“高频、低幅”的方式来进行碾压。但是钢桥面铺装的施工有其特殊性<span>,</span>与普通道路具有厚重稳定的基层不同<span>,</span>钢桥面板容易变形<span>,</span>振动碾压过程中钢桥面板随之产生振动变形<span>,</span>大幅度的共振可能会造成沥青混凝土层本身的压实度、沥青混凝土层与钢桥面板间结合等受到影响<span>,</span>从而进一步降低了防水效果。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">3</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">、普通的<span>SMA</span>的抗疲劳能力不及具有更高沥青含量的浇注式沥青混凝土<span>,</span>因此在桥面反复变形下<span>,</span>一旦开裂<span>,</span>造成水损问题会更严重。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">4</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">、普通<span>SMA</span>的粘结性能不及浇注式沥青混凝土<span>,</span>往往形成脱层<span>,</span>然后造成推移、拥包。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">5</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">、在使用过程中路面温度高于普通地面道路<span>,</span>特别是铺装层下方接触钢桥面温度较高<span>,</span>使粘结层软化失去粘结力。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">6</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">、普通<span>SMA</span>的高温稳定性受制于材料本身的特点<span>,</span>不及环氧沥青混合料。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.0pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">信拓钢桥面铺装方案<span>:</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">信拓高粘度沥青钢桥面铺装技术</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">一、信拓钢桥面铺装设计目标</span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">1.1 </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">高温稳定性问题</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">如果需要解决混合料本身的高温稳定性等问题<span>,</span>通常的思路就是使用高粘度改性沥青<span>,</span>高粘度改性沥青能有效增加<span>SMA</span>沥青混合料抵抗高温变形的性能。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"> 1.2 </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">变形追从性问题</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">如果需要改善铺装层与钢桥面的变形追从性等问题<span>,</span>则需要做到如下几点<span>:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">首先<span>,</span>在施工中铺装层和钢桥面必须结合牢固<span>,</span>不可产生层间脱离等问题<span>;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">其次<span>,</span>铺装层必须具有一定的抗裂性<span>,</span>可以在使用过程中跟随钢桥面板的变形而不产生裂缝<span>;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">其三<span>,</span>铺装层必须起到防水作用<span>,</span>防止钢桥面生锈剥落引起层间结合问题。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">解决思路除了完善粘结、防水措施外<span>,</span>还是使用高粘度沥青马蹄脂填充石料骨架。高粘度沥青在具有良好高温稳定性的同时<span>,</span>具有良好的抗裂性及柔韧性。当在车辆荷载作用下<span>,SMA</span>石料骨架跟随钢桥面板产生微小幅变形时<span>,</span>包裹石料的沥青马蹄脂可视为弹性体<span>,</span>吸收变形应力<span>,</span>延缓裂缝产生<span>,</span>防止水的渗透。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">另外<span>,</span>为改善粘结性能<span>,</span>还需要防水粘结层的帮助。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"> 1.3 </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">密水性问题</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.8pt;" align="left"> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;">如前所述<span>,</span>在夏季温度较高的地区<span>,</span>钢桥面铺装必须具备良好的高温稳定性<span>,</span>采用高粘度改性沥青势在必行。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="text-ali
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